The Human Person at the Centre of Healthcare Systems

Author: Pope Francis

Pope Francis’ video message to the Fifth International Conference on “Exploring the Mind, Body and Soul”

In a video message to participants in the fifth international conference, “Exploring the Mind, Body & Soul — How Innovation and Novel Delivery Systems Improve Human Health”, Pope Francis underscored the importance of putting the human person at the centre of every healthcare system. Organized by the Pontifical Council for Culture, the Cura Foundation and the Vatican Science and Faith Foundation, the conference was held online on 6-8 May [2021]. The following is the English text of the Holy Father’s words.

Dear Friends,

I am pleased to address all of you taking part in this international Conference entitled “Mind, Body and Soul”, a topic which for centuries has engaged research and reflection in the effort to understand the mystery of the human person. I greet and thank Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi, President of the Pontifical Council for Culture, the organizers of this Conference, the Presidents of the “Cura” and the “Science and Faith” Foundations, and the various speakers.

Your Conference unites philosophical and theological reflection to scientific research, especially in the field of medicine. Before all else, this allows me to express our gratitude to all who are personally and professionally committed to the care of the sick and the support of those most in need. All of us are grateful in these days to those working tirelessly to combat the pandemic, which continues to claim many lives, yet at the same time has represented a challenge to our sense of solidarity and authentic fraternity. For this reason, concern for the centrality of the human person also demands reflection on models of health care that are accessible to all the sick, without disparity.

The programme of your Confer­ence is centred on the three funda­mental areas indicated in its title: mind, body and soul. These three cat­egories differ somewhat from those of the “classical” Christian vision, whose best-known model is that of the person, understood as an in­separable unity of body and soul, the latter being endowed with in­tellect and will (cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1703-1705). Yet that vision is not exclusive. Saint Paul, for example, speaks in terms of “spirit, soul and body” (I Thess 5:23), a tripartite model that was subsequently taken up by many Church Fathers and various mod­ern thinkers. Your own division, to my mind, rightly indicates that cer­tain dimensions of our being, nowadays all too often disjoined, are in fact profoundly and insepa­rably interrelated.

The biological stratum of our existence, expressed in our corporeity, represents the most immediate of these dimensions, albeit not the easiest to understand. We are not pure spirits; for each of us, every­thing starts with our body, but not only: from conception to death, we do not simply have a body; we are a body. Christian faith tells us that this will also be true in the resur­rection. The history of medical re­search presents us, in this regard, with one dimension of the fascinat­ing journey of human self-discovery. This is not only the case with what might be called “Western” academic medicine, but also with the rich diversity of medicines in the various world civilizations. The sciences have surely opened up a horizon of knowledge and interac­tions unthinkable only a few cen­turies ago.

Thanks to interdisciplinary stud­ies, we can come to appreciate bet­ter the dynamics involved in the re­lationship between our physical condition and the state of our habitat, between health and nour­ishment, our psycho-physical well­being and the care of the spiritual life - also through the practice of prayer and meditation - and final­ly between health and sensitivity to art, and especially music. It is no accident that medicine serves as a bridge between the natural and the human sciences, so much so that in the past it could be defined as philosophia corporis, as we see in a manuscript kept in the Vatican Apostolic Library.

A broader vision and a commit­ment to interdisciplinary research thus makes possible greater knowl­edge which, applied to the medical sciences, translates into more sophisticated research and increasing­ly suitable and exact strategies of care. We need but think of the vast field of research in genetics, aimed at curing a variety of diseases. Yet this progress has also raised a num­ber of anthropological and ethical issues, such as those dealing with the manipulation of the human genome aimed at controlling or even overcoming the aging process, or at achieving human enhance­ment.

Similarly important is a second dimension, that of the mind, which makes possible our self-understand­ing. The fundamental question which you are seeking to address is one that for centuries has led mankind to seek the essence of what makes us human. At present, the essence of our humanity often tends to be identified with the brain and its neurological process­es. Nonetheless, despite the vital importance of the biological and functional aspects of the brain, these do not provide an overarch­ing explanation of all those phe­nomena that define us as human, many of which are not “measur­able” and thus transcend the mate­riality of the body. We cannot pos­sess a mind without cerebral mat­ter, yet the mind cannot be re­duced to mere materiality of the brain. We need to be attentive lest the two be equated.

In recent decades, thanks to the interplay between the natural and human sciences, increasing efforts have been made to grasp more ful­ly the relationship between the ma­terial and nonmaterial dimensions of our being. As a result, the mind-body question, which for centuries had been prevalently the domain of philosophers and theologians, is now also of interest to those study­ing the mind-brain relationship.

In a scientific context, the use of the term “mind” can present certain difficulties; consequently, there is a need to understand and describe this reality in an interdisciplinary way. The term “mind” is generally used to indicate a reality ontologi­cally distinct from, yet capable of interacting with, our biological substratum. Indeed, “mind” usually indicates the entirety of the human faculties, particularly in relation to the formation of thought. A timely question remains the origin of those human faculties, such as moral sensitivity, meekness, compassion, empathy and solidarity, which find expression in philanthropic gestures, disinterested concern for others, and the aesthetic sense, to say nothing of the search for the infinite and the transcendent. As you see, this is a very complex and interdependent issue.

In the Judeo-Christian tradition, as well as in the Greek philosophical tradition, these human traits are associated with the transcendent dimension of the human person, identified with the immaterial principle of our being, that of the soul, the third theme of your Conference. While it is true that over the course of time, this term has taken on various meanings in different cultures and religions, the notion we have inherited from classical philosophy considers the soul to be the constituent principle organizing the body as a whole and the origin of our intellectual, affective and volitional qualities, including the moral conscience. The Scriptures, and philosophical and theological reflection in particular, have employed the concept of “soul” to define our uniqueness as human beings and the specificity of the person, which is irreducible to any other living being and includes our openness to a supernatural dimension and thus to God. This openness to the transcendent, to something greater than ourselves, is constitutive, and it testifies to the infinite worth of each human person. Put in a more commonplace way, it is like a window that looks out upon and opens up to a broader horizon.

Dear friends, I am pleased that students from various universities throughout the world, Catholic and non-Catholic, arc taking part in this event. I encourage you to un­dertake and pursue interdisci­plinary research involving various centres of study, for the sake of a better understanding of ourselves and of our human nature, with all its limits and possibilities, while al­ways keeping in mind the transcen­dent horizon to which our being tends. I ask God to bless your work and I express my hope that you will always retain your enthu­siasm, and indeed your wonder­ment, before the ever deeper mys­tery of man. For as Saint Augus­tine, echoing the Bible, tells us in words that remain ever timely: “Man is truly a vast abyss” (Confes­sions IV. 14, 22). Thank you.


L'Osservatore Romano
14 May 2021, page 7